Explore how to solve Punnett squares that involve sex-linked traits, specifically focusing on X-linked traits. Video has a resource available here https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts This 2023 UPDATED sex-linked traits Amoeba Sisters video has more detail and improved art from the old 2015 Punnett squares and sex-linked traits Amoeba Sisters video.
OLD VIDEO: https://youtu.be/h2xufrHWG3E
———–
Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:49 Sex Chromosomes
2:25 Solving Sex Linked Punnett Square Problem
5:40 Five Things to Keep in Mind
————-
*TEXTBOOK REFERENCES*

Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “12.2 Characteristics and Traits – Biology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/12-2-characteristics-and-traits.

Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.

—————————————-
*ADDITIONAL DETAIL INFORMATION*
*More info on Hemophilia: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hemophilia/facts.html

*More about red-green colorblindness & other forms of colorblindness: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11604-color-blindness

*Biological sex described by NIH & Yale School of Medicine:
NIH: https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender
Yale School of Medicine: https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/what-do-we-mean-by-sex-and-gender/

*Footnote about “male” & “female” terminology from NIH at BOTTOM of https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender/sex-and-gender-in-health-and-disease

^^Above sources also explain difference of sex & gender.

*This video is about traits on sex chromosomes. In most cases, females have XX chromosomes & males have XY chromosomes BUT as video mentions, this is not always the case.
Examples:
XXY: https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Klinefelter-Syndrome
XYY: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/47xyy-syndrome/
X: https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Turner-Syndrome
Info about SRY gene & also conditions related to variants in SRY gene:
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/sry/

—————————————-
*FURTHER EXPLORATION*
1. How did X and Y sex chromosomes get their names?
From Arizona State University’s “Embryo Project Encyclopedia” https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/sex-determination-humans

2. Preeclampsia was mentioned as an example that many disorders may have a genetic component yet are NOT single gene traits (and thus can’t be easily worked on a Punnett square). In addition, many disorders may involve autosomes and other external factors. As mentioned, the cause of preeclampsia is currently not well understood though gene involvement is being studied.

*Genetic Risk Factors: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2805948

*Recent News regarding Preeclampsia:
FDA clearance of Preeclampsia risk assessment assays: https://www.preeclampsia.org/the-news/research/thermo-fisher-scientific-gets-fda-clearance-for-preeclampsia-risk-assessment-assays

*Preeclampsia Foundation’s Page of Research News: https://www.preeclampsia.org/the-news/research-news

3. Sex chromosomes in other animals can vary & may not be able to be worked in same type of Punnett square:

Sex chromosomes in birds? Written by a professor of genetics:
https://theconversation.com/how-birds-become-male-or-female-and-occasionally-both-112061

Platypus:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0405702101

———————————————–
The Amoeba Sisters videos center on Pinky’s certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. More here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos

Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us

Menu of resources that complement our videos! https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing

Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz
GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html
Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics
Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters
Webtoon: https://www.webtoons.com/en/challenge/amoeba-sisters-sisterhood/list?title_no=289479&page=1
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@amoebasistersofficial

Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store

MUSIC:
Intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.

TRANSLATIONS:
Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal

We gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. We also have videos using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility.

Visit https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles
Video Rating: / 5

This video has been updated! Visit: https://youtu.be/dN9SZHO6Wjg Explore inheritance when carried on the X chromosome with the Amoeba Sisters! This video has a handout here: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html

This video focuses on how to do general Punnett square problems that involve traits on the sex chromosomes (X and Y chromosomes). We do want to point out though that when it comes to biological sex- it can be influenced by more than just sex chromosomes X and Y. For example, the SRY gene, plays a major role in human biological sex determination. While this video only focuses on solving sex-linked trait problems in a Punnett square, here are some further reading suggestions to learn about the SRY gene and its role in biological sex.

Further Reading Suggestions: (Updated 2018)**********

About SRY Gene from NIH: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SRY

About SRY and Sex Determination from Harvard: http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2016/im-xy-know-sex-determination-systems-101/

The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky’s certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. For more information about The Amoeba Sisters, visit: http://www.amoebasisters.com/about-us.html

REFERENCE
We cover the basics in biology concepts at the secondary level. If you are looking to discover more about biology and go into depth beyond these basics, our recommended reference is the FREE, peer reviewed, open source OpenStax biology textbook: https://openstax.org/details/books/biology
***************************************************************
⭐We have a menu of our resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing

Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us

Our Resources:
Biology Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz
GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html
Handouts: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html
Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics
Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured

Connect with us!
Website: http://www.AmoebaSisters.com
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/AmoebaSisters
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters
Tumblr: http://www.amoebasisters.tumblr.com
Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/AmoebaSister­s
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/

Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store

TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS:
Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo

MUSIC:
Music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/music?feature=blog

COMMUNITY:
We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See YouTube’s community guidelines and how YouTube handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments.

TRANSLATIONS:
Korean Subtitles: Yuna Jung
Hindi Subtitles: Alisha Aggarwal

While we don’t allow dubbing of our videos, we do gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using YouTube’s community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by YouTube, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us.
Video Rating: / 5

Email This Post Email This Post